tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39908098474114613282024-03-20T21:30:00.108+08:00Kajian Tindakan (Siti Sarah Udzir P48586)Nota dan tugasan berkaitan kursus GGGB5023 Kajian Tindakan dalam PendidikanSiti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-4261941316686300592009-05-28T16:16:00.002+08:002009-05-28T16:23:09.834+08:00Aktiviti kumpulan 3: Proposal kajian tindakan<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSiti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSiti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" 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class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >KERTAS CADANGAN (PROPOSAL) KAJIAN TINDAKAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Nama dan Alamat Sekolah:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>SMK Khai Mun, 28700 Bentong, Pahang.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Nama Pengkaji:<span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>Mohd. Sarhan b. Ismail<span style=""> </span>P48693<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>Siti Sarah binti Udzir<span style=""> </span>P48586<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>Nor Zira bt. Shafie<span style=""> </span>P48688<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>Assarah bt. Ahmad Suki<span style=""> </span>P48590<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span>Wong Wan Heng<span style=""> </span>P48627<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Tajuk Kajian:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Meningkatkan penguasaan pelajar Tingkatan 3 Anggerik terhadap tajuk Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia melalui kaedah nyanyian. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Pengenalan:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Berdasarkan analisis keputusan ujian bulanan tahun lepas, didapati hanya 30 peratus pelajar mendapat gred A dan B (65 peratus hingga 100 peratus) untuk Bab 2 Sistem Peredaran Darah. Penguasaan tajuk ini adalah penting kerana peratusan soalan bagi tajuk ini dalam PMR adalah tinggi. Tajuk ini juga akan diajar dengan lebih mendalam semasa peringkat menengah atas dalam mata pelajaran Biologi dan Sains Tambahan. Persoalan berikut sering bermian difikiran: Adakah tajuk ini membosankan? Adakah bahan bantu mengajar tidak berkesan? Bagaimana cara untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pelajar terhadap topik ini?<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Selain itu didapati juga faktor penguasaan bahasa Inggeris di kalangan pelajar juga mempengaruhi pemahaman mereka dalam mata pelajaran Sains. Secara tidak langsung pelajar menjadi kurang bermotivasi dan memandang negatif terhadap mata pelajaran Sains, terutamanya tajuk-tajuk yang mengandungi banyak istilah baru seperti yang terkandung dalam tajuk ini (contoh: <i style="">pulmonary, capillary, vein</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Fokus Kajian:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Walaupun kami mengesan beberapa masalah yang dihadapi oleh pelajar, kesilapan yang sering dilakukan oleh pelajar ialah:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Keliru antara istilah dan fungsi dalam sistem peredaran darah (cth.: fungsi arteri dan vena)<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Tidak dapat membezakan ciri-ciri khusus saluran darah<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">iii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Tidak dapat memahami jenis peredaran pulmonari dan sistemik<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Objektif Kajian:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Selepas kajian ini selesai dijalankan, pelajar diharap akan mencapai objektif berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">I)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span></b><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Objektif umum<o:p></o:p></span></b></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Meningkatkan peratusan pelajar yang mendapat gred B ke atas sebanyak 50 peratus.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">II)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span></b><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Objektif khusus<o:p></o:p></span></b></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:Symbol;font-size:12;" ><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Meningkatkan bilangan pelajar yang dapat memadankan istilah dan fungsinya dengan betul.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:Symbol;font-size:12;" ><span style="">·<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Meningkatkan pemahaman pelajar terhadap perkaitan antara ciri dan fungsi setiap saluran darah dan jenis peredaran.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Kumpulan Sasaran:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Kajian ini melibatkan 30 orang pelajar Tingkatan 3 Anggerik.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Tindakan yang dicadangkan<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">1.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Mengajar tajuk ini menggunakan kaedah konvensional (kuliah).<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">2.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Memberi pra-ujian (<i style="">pre-test</i>) kepada pelajar.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">3.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Mengumpul dan menganalisis data awal.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">4.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Menggunakan kaedah nyanyian:<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Membahagikan pelajar kepada 6 kumpulan yang terdiri daripada 5 orang pelajar dalam satu kumpulan.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Memberikan lirik seperti di dalam Lampiran 1 kepada setiap kumpulam<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">iii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Meminta setiap kumpulan memasukkan lirik tersebut ke dalam lagu pilihan mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">iv)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Memberi masa kepada pelajar untuk membuat persiapan dan mempersembahkan semasa kelas berikutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">5.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Memberi pasca-ujian (<i style="">post-test</i>) kepada pelajar.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">6.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Mengumpul dan menganalisis data akhir.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><span style="">7.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Membuat analisis dan perbandingan antara data awal dan data akhir.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Jadual Pelaksanaan:<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Bil.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:black black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Aktiviti<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:black black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b style=""><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Tarikh pelaksanaan<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >1.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Mengenal pasti masalah dan pengumpulan data awal<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >25/01/2009<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Menulis proposal Kajian<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >27/01/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >3.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Merancang Tindakan<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >2/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >4.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Melaksanakan tindakan<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >3/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >5.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Ujian untuk mengesan pencapaian murid<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >10/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >6.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Refleksi kajian<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >11/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Menulis laporan Kajian<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >12/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black;" valign="top" width="38"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >8.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 318.9pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="425"> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >Pembentangan dapatan kajian<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 114.75pt;color:-moz-use-text-color black black -moz-use-text-color;" valign="top" width="153"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" >18/02/2009</span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-26750194699322568332009-05-26T12:57:00.000+08:002009-05-26T23:35:55.040+08:00Seminar Pendidikan Serantau ke-4<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Pada 19-21 Mei 2009, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaysia dengan kerjasama Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universiti Nasional Riau Indonesia telah mengadakan Seminar Pendidikan Serantau kali ke-4 bertempat di Klana Resort Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Majlis perasmian seminar ini yang dilangsungkan oleh Menteri Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia, YB Dato' Seri Khaled Nordin turut menyaksikan upacara menandatangani MoU antara UKM (diwakili Naib Canselor UKM) dengan UNRI (diwakili Timbalan Rektor II UNRI). Upacara ini disusuli pelancaran buku "Reformasi Pendidikan Serantau" dan penyampaian hadiah Pertandingan Penyelidikan Pendidikan Nusantara. Pertandingan ini julung kali diadakan pada seminar ini dan kumpulan penyelidikan Dekan FPend UKM telah berjaya membawa pulang pingat emas.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Seminar ini telah menerima sebanyak 117 penyertaan untuk pembentangan lisan dan 19 penyertaan poster. Pembentang terdiri daripada pensyarah dan dosen universiti-universiti di Malaysia dan Indonesia, para pendidik dan pelajar siswazah lanjutan. Sebanyak 5 sesi selari diadakan di mana setiap sesi mengandungi 4 bilik pembentangan. </span><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" >Para pelajar DPLI ambilan Januari 2009 turut menjadi peserta seminar ini dan kami telah diberi tugas melaporkan kertas kerja yang telah dibentangkan untuk mengumpul resolusi yang berkaitan.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><span style=";font-size:78%;" >Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan dibahagikan kepada tema-tema tertentu dan terdiri daripada kajian-kajian eksperimental, tinjauan dan juga kajian tindakan. Walaupun kajian dan penyelidikan dilakukan di dua negara yang berbeza, dapat dilihat permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pendidikan adalah sama di kedua-dua negara, dan mungkin di negara-negara serantau yang lain. Di akhir seminar, satu resolusi telah dibuat bertujuan untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan sistem pendidikan dan prestasi pelajar-pelajar rantau ini.</span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;font-size:85%;" ><span style=";font-size:78%;" >Ini merupakan saru pengalaman yang berbeza daripada yang pernah saya lalui kerana seminar yang pernah saya sertai merupakan penyelidikan bertemakan sains dan aplikasinya, bioteknologi dan </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:78%;" >lab-based research</span><span style=";font-size:78%;" >. menyertai seminar bertemakan sains sosial agak sukar pada mulanya tapi banyak yang telah dipelajari dan saya yakin akan membantu saya menghadapi cabaran sebagai seorang guru kelak.</span></span><br /><br /></div>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-50500350657118069402009-05-24T17:12:00.001+08:002009-05-28T16:26:52.829+08:00Tugasan 2: 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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style="">Artikel 1:</b> Luo, C. 2008. An action research plan for developing and implementing the students’ listening comprehension skills. <i style="">English Language Teaching</i> 1(1): 25-28.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style="">Artikel 2:</b> Kadakia, M. 2005. Increasing student engagement by using Morrowind to analyze choices and consequences. <i style="">TechTrends</i> 49(5): 29-32.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;font-family:georgia;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b>Artikel 3:</b> Kosky, C. & Curtis, R. </span><span style="" lang="MS"><span style="font-size:78%;">2008. An action research exploration integrating student choice and art activities in a sixth grade social studies classroom. <i>Journal of Social Studies Research</i> 32(1): 22-27.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;">
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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: medium none ; width: 472.5pt; margin-left: 5.4pt; border-collapse: collapse;" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="630"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="border-style: solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(141, 179, 226) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;color:windowtext;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Artikel 1 </span></i></b><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">(Luo 2008)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(229, 184, 183) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Artikel 2 </span></i></b><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">(Kadakia 2005)<i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(214, 227, 188) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Artikel 3 </span></i></b><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">(Kosky & Curtis 2008)<i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(196, 188, 150) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 472.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" width="630"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Sampel kajian<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Pelajar tahun 1 dan 2 bagi kursus “Listening Comprehension” di Nationalities University, China.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 219, 219) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Pelajar gred 7 bagi matapelajaran “Language Arts and Social Studies” di Cherokee Heights Middle School, Wisconsin, US.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Pelajar gred 6 bagi matapelajaran “Social Studies” di sekolah di West Virginia, US.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(196, 188, 150) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 472.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="630"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Setting kajian<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Di dalam dan di luar bilik kuliah<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 219, 219) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Di dalam bilik darjah<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Di dalam bilik darjah<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(196, 188, 150) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 472.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="630"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Prosedur kajian<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Persoalan kajian:
<br /><i style="">1) What is the initial listening ability?<o:p></o:p></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">2) How do the new tapes affect the acquisition of listening skill?<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">3) What do the students do in edveloping their own listening skills?<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><i style=""><span style="" lang="MS">4) How do they become active listeners?<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Kajian ini akan dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan seorang lagi guru yang mengajar kursus yang sama. Dua orang guru yang mengajar kursus Bahasa inggeris akan menjadi pengkritik bagi kajian ini.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Pita rakaman akan disediakan dengan bantuan juruteknik dan menggunakan khidmat guru berbangsa Inggeris untuk merakamkan suara.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Cadangan kajian tindakan ini akan diajukan kepada Dekan dan dibawa ke dalam mesyuarat fakulti untuk memaklumkan kepada staf lain.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Borang persetujuan akan diberi kepada pelajar (etika penyelidikan) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Kajian ini akan dijalankan selama enam bulan (Julai – Januari) melalui empat fasa bermula dengan mengenalpasti fokus kajian, membuat sorotan literatur dan merakam bahan, mengumpul data awal dan akhir, menganalisis data, menyediakan laporan dan merancang tindakan seterusnya.
<br />#Metodologi:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">1. Pelajar akan diarah untuk<span style=""> </span>mendengar petikan Bahasa Inggeris dengan teliti di dalam dan di luar kelas dan diberi tugasan mendengar radio atau pita rakaman selepas kelas dan melaporkannya di dalam kelas keesokannya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">2. Pelajar akan disuruh membaca suratkhabar berbahasa Inggeris untuk menambah pengetahuan dan membiasakan mereka dengan pelbagai budaya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">3. Pelajar akan didengarkan bahan yang direkodkan pada kadar 100 patah perkataan seminit di awal kursus untuk membantu mereka menjadi pendengar yang berjaya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">4. Guru akan membincangkan dan menggunakan kemahiran dan strategi tertentu untuk memberi pelajar keyakinan mendengar Bahasa Inggeris.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 219, 219) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Kajian ini dijalankan secara individu.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Persoalan kajian:-Bagaimana penglibatan pelajar dipengaruhi kurikulum yang menggabungkan budaya yang popular di kalangan pelajar iaitu permainan video. Penglibatan pelajar dalam pembelajaran mempengaruhi pencapaian mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;"><span style=""> </span>#Kajian ini dijalankan selama tiga hari.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Metodologi:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Sebelum kajian dijalankan, pelajar membuat perbincangan buku “The Skin I’m In” oleh Sharon Flake mengenai konsep pilihan moral (<i style="">moral</i> <i style="">choices</i>) dan akibat (<i style="">consequences</i>) dan penglibatan setiap pelajar diperhatikan. Tiga konsep pilihan diberi dan pelajar dikehendaki menganalisis konsep tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Selepas itu aktiviti<span style=""> </span>yang sama dijalankan melalui permainan video <i style="">Morrowind</i> berbentuk <i style="">role-playing game</i> (RPG) untuk menganalisis tiga konsep yang sama.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Pelajar mencatat pilihan yang dibuat oleh watak utama RPG serta kesan daripada pilihan tersebut. Kemudian mereka diberi tugasan menulis karangan berbentuk persuasif mengenai pilihan tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;"># Kajian ini dilakukan secara kolaboratif antara guru pelatih (penulis pertama) dengan guru pembimbing, dan pensyarah pembimbing (penulis kedua).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Kajian ini dijalankan selama 20 kali pengajaran.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Tujuan utama adalah untuk melibatkan pelajar secara aktif dalam pembelajaran mereka. Penglibatan dan motivasi akan memberi kesan terhadap pencapaian mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">#Metodologi:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Matapelajaran “Arts” diintegrasikan di dalam pembelajaran “Social Studies” dan diselang-selikan dengan pembelajaran secara tipikal. Melalui pengintegrasian ini, pelajar diberi 3 projek untuk dilaksanakan. Pembentangan projek adalah berdasarkan pilihan pelajar sendiri menggunakan elemen seni seperti lakonan, mencipta lagu atau puisi, melukis komik atau ilustrasi, menulis kisah dongeng, persembahan <i style="">PowerPoint </i>dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(196, 188, 150) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 472.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="630"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Pengumpulan data<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Data akan dikumpul melalui pra-ujian, temubual, memerhati aktiviti pelajar di dalam kelas, refleksi pelajar,<span style=""> </span>jurnal harian pelajar dan penyelidik (guru kelas), laporan pelajar, pemerhatian oleh pengkritik dan perbandingan dengan kelas mereka, menilai skor pelajar dan dibandingkan dengan kelas lain, melakukan pos-ujian.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 219, 219) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Penyelidik (guru) merekod pemerhatian terhadap pelajar dari segi bahasa tubuh (<i style="">body language</i>), <i style="">volunteerism</i>, komen dan variasi daripada tingkah laku yang lazim. Penyelidik juga mendapatkan guru kelas lain dan sukarelawan untuk melakukan pemerhatian. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Selepas tiga hari menggunakan RPG, pelajar dikehendaki menjawab beberapa soalan penilaian terhadap penggunaan RPG dalam pengajaran konsep nilai moral (<i style="">choices and consequences</i>). Respons pelajar diletakkan di bawah empat kategori.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Data dikumpul melalui temubual harian, jurnal pengajaran guru yang mengandungi catatan tahap penglibatan pelajar. Penilaian atas talian <i style="">Multiple Intelligence</i> dijalankan secara tidak formal di awal kajian. Tinjauan sikap (<i style="">attitude survey</i>) dilakukan di awal dan akhir kajian. Pelajar juga dikehendaki melengkapkan penilaian “Rate this Lesson” dan maklum balas bertulis.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Gred pelajar berdasarkan pelbagai jenis penilaian seperti rubrik, ujian, kuiz, lembaran tugasan dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="3" style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(196, 188, 150) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 472.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="630"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size:78%;"><b style=""><span style="" lang="MS">Penganalisisan data<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(198, 217, 241) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Selepas keputusan pra-ujian, pos-ujian, temubual dan jurnal dikumpul, penyelidik dan pengkritik akan membanding, menganalisis dan menilai data dari awal hingga akhir kajian. Kesimpulan yang diperolehi akan menentukan langkah seterusnya yang akan diambil. Laporan kajian akan diberi kepada Dekan agar pelan tindakan untuk meningkatkan kemahiran mendengar pelajar dapat diimplementasikan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(242, 219, 219) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Catatan yang diambil dikaji semula selepas setiap kelas untuk memperbaiki pengajaran dan menganalisis penglibatan pelajar.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Komen pelajar dianalisis berdasarkan kategori yang ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; background: rgb(234, 241, 221) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; width: 157.5pt; -moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial;" valign="top" width="210"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span lang="MS" style="font-size:78%;">Data dianalisis secara berterusan di mana refleksi daripada analisis itu digunakan untuk merancang pengajaran seterusnya. Berdasarkan skor “Rate this Lesson” dan komen bertulis pelajar, pelajaran dengan markah tertinggi dikumpulkan bersama untuk dinilai faktor kejayaannya. Aktiviti yang tak disukai pelajar akan dikeluarkan dari rancangan pengajaran seterusnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </p><p class="MsoNormal" face="times new roman" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size:78%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;">*Kajian yang akan dijalankan oleh Luo (2008) <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Artikel 1)</span> mengambil masa yang lama iaitu enam bulan yang mungkin akan mengganggu tugas guru. Pengumpulan data melalui pelbagai kaedah mungkin akan memakan masa lapang yang sepatutnya digunakan oleh guru untuk aktiviti lain. Menurut Hopkins (2008), antara kriteria yang dicadangkan kepada guru yang akan membuat kajian tindakan ialah sebarang kajian tidak sepatutnya mengganggu pengajaran mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, Luo (2008) akan memaklumkan kepada Dekan dan staf lain tentang kajian yang akan dilakukan dan oleh itu mungkin kurang mendapat tekanan daripada pihak pentadbiran. Tambahan pula, artikel ini merupakan perancangan (proposal) kajian tindakan yang akan dijalankan oleh Luo dan rakannya, dan mungkin akan dilakukan perubahan berdasarkan keadaan dan refleksi.
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;">*Penyelidik juga dilihat mengambil kira prosedur etika dengan meminta pelajar mengisi borang persetujuan (Hopkins, 2008).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;">*Setting kajian yang turut melibatkan luar bilik kuliah mungkin akan memberi kesan kepada kesahihan data yang dikumpul. Di samping itu, pelajar yang berasa terbeban dengan tugasan mungkin akan mengambil sikap acuh tak acuh di dalam kajian ini.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;">
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;">*Kajian Kadakia (2005) <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Artikel 2)</span> dan Kosky & Curtis (2008) <span style="font-weight: bold;">(Artikel 3)</span> pula mempunyai tujuan yang sama iaitu meningkatkan penglibatan pelajar dalam pembelajaran dan seterusnya pencapaian mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, Kadakia (2005) lebih banyak bergantung kepada pemerhatian dan hanya dijalankan selama tiga hari. Mungkin kerana kajian ini adalah kajian <span style="font-style: italic;">pilot </span>(<span style="font-style: italic;">pilot study</span>), oleh itu ianya dijalankan dlam masa yang pendek sahaja. Kosky & Curtis (2008) pula mengumpul data melalui beberapa kaedah dan data yang dianalisis turut ditunjukkan di dalam bentuk graf untuk menunjukkan kesan kajian tindakan yang dijalankan. Oleh kerana ia dijalankan selama dua puluh kali pelajaran dan refleksi dilakukan selepas setiap pelajaran, maka guru berupaya melakukan penambahbaikan untuk pelajaran seterusnya.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" face="times new roman" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-family: lucida grande;">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span style="font-family:lucida grande;">*Ketiga-tiga penyelidik menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian dalam pengumpulan data. Laporan pelajar turut dikumpul sebagai data (Hopkins, 2008) dan dianalisis. Mereka turut melibatkan pemerhati/pengkritik untuk mengesahkan data yang dikumpul (Hopkins, 2008). Mereka telah melakukan sorotan literatur yang menyeluruh untuk menyokong fokus kajian yang dipilih dan rasional pemilihannya. </span>
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mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} </style> <![endif]-->Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-88081629108860657382009-05-12T22:28:00.001+08:002009-05-13T23:51:11.796+08:00Nota 4: Kajian kepustakaan/Sorotan literatur<span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Kajian kepustakaan/tinjauan literatur/sorotan literatur (literature reviews)
<br />
<br />Definisi:
<br /></span>= sorotan ke atas bahan-bahan literatur seperti buku, jurnal, artikel seminar dan laporan, yang dilakukan secara kritikal ke atas isi-isi penting.
<br />= penelitian terhadap kajian terdahulu, dirancang untuk merapatkan penyelidik dengan maklumat tertentu yang relevan dengan topik yang diselidiki (Sulaiman t.th.).
<br />= menurut Wiersma (1995), ia adalah satu proses sistematik yang memerlukan pembacaan dan perhatian kepada butiran yang terperinci (Nik Azis 2007).
<br />= menurut Creswell (2005), ia membabitkan kesimpulan bertulis tentang artikel dalam jurnal, buku, dan dokumen lain yang menjelaskan maklumat lepas dan semasa, menyusun literatur dalam topik tertentu, dan mendokumenkan keperluan bagi kajian yang dicadangkan</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"> (Nik Azis 2007).</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tujuan:</span>
<br />- menurut Leedy & Ormond (2005) dan Tuckman (1999), ia memenuhi 2 tujuan utama:
<br />(1) menjustifikasikan kepentingan soalan kajian
<br />(2) membekalkan rasional bagi tujuan kajian dan soalan atau hipotesis kajian
<br /></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">(Nik Azis 2007).
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bagaimana mengulas bahan sorotan yang diperolehi?</span>
<br />Terdapat 5 langkah untuk mengulas bahan sorotan:
<br />1. Membandingkan dan membezakan
<br />- mencari persamaan dan perbezaan berdasarkan kriteria seperti ciri, sifat, kualiti dan unsur sesuatu objek atau peristiwa.
<br />- digunakan apabila terdapat lebih daripada satu ciri atau kemungkinan
<br />2. Menganalisis
<br />- mengolah maklumat dengan huraiannya kepada bahagian yang lebih kecil bagi memahami sesuatu konsep atau peristiwa serta mencari makna yang tersirat
<br />- untuk mengenali bahagian-bahagian, memahami hubungkait antara bahagian dan kenali prinsip yang terlibat
<br />3. Menilai
<br />- membuat pertimbangan tentang sesuatu perkara daripada segi kebaikan atau keburukan berdasarkan bukti atau dalil yang sah
<br />- untuk membuat keputusan bagi memilih sesuatu, atau menerima atau menolak sesuatu idea
<br />4. Membuat kesimpulan
<br />- membuat pernyataan tentang hasil sesuatu kajian yang berdasarkan sesuatu hipotesis atau mengukuhkan sesuatu perkara berdasarkan penyiasatan
<br />- untuk membuat keputusan, menerangkan sesuatu, meramal dan menyokong pernyataan
<br />5. Mensintesis
<br />- menggabungkan idea, unsur, item dan perkara yang berasingan untuk hasilkan gambaran yang menyeluruh dalam bentuk penyataan, esei, lukisan.
<br />
<br /></span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Rujukan:</span>
<br />Nik Azis Nik Pa. 2007. Kualiti tinjauan literatur bagi penyelidik dalam pendidikan matematik oleh pelajar ijazah tinggi. <span style="font-style: italic;">Jurnal Pendidikan</span> 27(1): 7-18.
<br />Sulaiman Masri. <span style="font-style: italic;">t.th. 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<br />Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-15717539397237241182009-05-12T22:16:00.000+08:002009-05-12T22:26:49.076+08:00Aktiviti Kumpulan 2: Mengapa orang menentang perubahan dan cara penyelesaiannya<span style=";font-family:lucida grande;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sebab</span>:<br />1. Mengganggu rutin hidup <br />2. Ketidakpastian hasilan atau kesan <br />3. Terpaksa membuat perancangan baru <br />4. Bukan kehendak diri individu itu sendiri <br />5. Hilang atau luput kepentingan atau status <br />6. Masa yang digunakan untuk melaksanakan perubahan baru boleh digunakan untuk melakukan perkara rutin dengan lebih baik <br />7. Tidak nampak keperluan atau kepentingan untuk berubah <br />8. Kurang motivasi dalam diri <span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cara penyelesaian</span>:<br />1. Perlu ada sokongan atau rangsangan luar dan ganjaran <br />2. Perlu bersikap positif dan proaktif <br />3. Perlu menyediakan garis panduan yang jelas untuk perubahan yang bakal berlaku <br />4. Mendapatkan persetujuan daripada semua ahli untuk melakukan perubahan<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Disediakan bersama:</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Assarah Ahmad Suki</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Wong Wan Heng</span><br /></span>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-36009148118469275702009-05-12T22:15:00.000+08:002009-05-13T12:41:27.899+08:00Nota 3: Pengurusan Perubahan dalam Pendidikan<span style="font-family: lucida grande;font-family:lucida grande;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Konsep perubahan dalam pendidikan:</span><br />- bidang pendidikan telah, sedang dan akan menjadi faktor utama menyediakan manusia menghadapi cabaran masa depan -> dinamik, oleh itu perubahan tidak dapat dielakkan<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4 jenis perubahan:</span><br />1) Perubahan ke arah peningkatan (<span style="font-style: italic;">enhancement</span>) - melibatkan komponen tertentu dalam organisasi<br />2) Perubahan strategik organisasi - melibatkan keseluruhan organisasi kerana perubahan persekitaran<br />3) Perubahan reaktif - akibat tindak balas langsung daripada pelanggan atau pihak berkepentingan<br />4) Perubahan akibat daripada jangkaan - dilakukan atas kesedaran pihak pengurusan, bukan atas desakan pelanggan dsb.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Perubahan adalah kompleks</span> - dikaitkan dengan proses:<br />1) evolusi = perubahan yang menghasilkan kesan yang sedikit dalam tempoh yang panjang; menyebabkan perubahan yang ketara dalam status quo<br />2) revolusi = perubahan yang pantas; meninggalkan kesan yang membinasakan<br />-> kompleksiti perubahan memberi maklumat tentang perubahan dan tindakan untuk megimplementasi perubahan.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Perubahan itu multidimensi </span>- 6 dimensi yang perlu difahami:<br />1) tujuan perubahan - untuk mengadakan penambahbaikan terhadap sesuatu keadaan atau sistem<br />- melibatkan 2 jenis pindaan: (i) perubahan peringkat pertama (<span style="font-style: italic;">1st order change</span>) -> perubahan dibuat untuk => kembali ke keadaan asal yang diinginkan; => peningkatan pencapaian sesuatu tanpa mengubahnya; dan (ii) perubahan peringkat kedua (<span style="font-style: italic;">2nd order change</span>) -> melibatkan pindaan drastik dalam aspek sesuatu sistem<br />2) unit perubahan -> merujuk fokus utama sesuatu perubahan iaitu daripada unit yang kecil (individu) hingga unit yang besar (organisasi)<br />3) sifat perubahan -> untuk mengubah unit yang besar mesti dimulakan dengan unit yang kecil<br />4) magnitud perubahan -> merujuk sejauh mana perubahan yang dirancang akan diimplementasi<br />5) skop perubahan -> sejauh mana perubahan dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan instrumen penilaian<br />6) jangkamasa perubahan -> jangkamasa mempengaruhi keberkesanan perubahan<br />=>Kottler (2001) - 3 jenis perubahan: (i) perubahan secara spontan tidak memberi kesan mendalam; (ii) perubahan minima dikecapi setelah menghadapi tentangan awal; (iii) perubahan berterusan merupakan perubahan yang stabil, progresif dan kekal<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">4 model perubahan:</span><br />1) Model Penggabungan Roger = proses inovasi bermula apabila masalah atau keperluan dikenalpasti => penyelidik menyiasat melalui eksperimen dan ciptaan yang banyak => menghasilkan inovasi<br />2) Model Kanter = struktur dan inovasi boleh difahami dengan lebih baik jika proses inovasi dibahaikan kepada beberapa tugas utama: (i) penjanaan idea; (ii) membina idea; (iii) merealisasikan idea; dan (iv) pemindahan idea<br />3) Model Rand = untuk menentukan faktor penyebab atau penghalang perubahan pendidikan<br />- 3 langkah proses perubahan di sekolah (Berman & McLaughlin, 1978): (i) daya usaha (<span style="font-style: italic;">initiative</span>); (ii) implementasi; dan (iii) penggabungan<br />4) Moel ACOT (<span style="font-style: italic;">Apple Classroom of Tomorrow</span>) = kajian pengenalan komputer dalam bilik darjah<br />- 5 langkah perubahan dalam proses P&P: (i) kemasukan (<span style="font-style: italic;">entry</span>); (ii) memilih (<span style="font-style: italic;">adaptation</span>); (iii) menyesuaikan (<span style="font-style: italic;">adaptation</span>); (iv) penggunaan (<span style="font-style: italic;">appropriation</span>); dan (v) merekacipta (<span style="font-style: italic;">invention</span>)<br /></span>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-21139224766993284322009-05-09T12:18:00.001+08:002009-05-24T21:31:35.070+08:00Lampiran Tugasan 1: Model kajian tindakan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixhi-oDJTe_hkUfywi4oP1E4sySuD2qZVVG-lisEl_jpVjOTuehVEsQVJUSI4vTiNrHfUNd_0pTE7g5bsam3JGTXF4hKNWFr0zkV2InogxspbGO2i5Dsk4km5W6-RN5yq8Yx32pHlkEok/s1600-h/Kemmis+%26+McTaggart+1988.gif"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 221px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixhi-oDJTe_hkUfywi4oP1E4sySuD2qZVVG-lisEl_jpVjOTuehVEsQVJUSI4vTiNrHfUNd_0pTE7g5bsam3JGTXF4hKNWFr0zkV2InogxspbGO2i5Dsk4km5W6-RN5yq8Yx32pHlkEok/s320/Kemmis+%26+McTaggart+1988.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333674226419000610" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLSuSjAFcOo6hATecBs9uIhcynprbPpe7s4oNSq4mkNIU7z4WniTEDZybowJ4BTFuGg0dw4pqm52op8qEdx7sagqr11bcTH9PMvAlAsCV2YOt2CG9_MR1mcmBECeAj5G3Uk15DdBgSbo8/s1600-h/Ebbutt+1985.gif"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 176px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLSuSjAFcOo6hATecBs9uIhcynprbPpe7s4oNSq4mkNIU7z4WniTEDZybowJ4BTFuGg0dw4pqm52op8qEdx7sagqr11bcTH9PMvAlAsCV2YOt2CG9_MR1mcmBECeAj5G3Uk15DdBgSbo8/s320/Ebbutt+1985.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5333674234669204770" border="0" /></a>
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mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} table.MsoTableGrid {mso-style-name:"Table Grid"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-priority:59; mso-style-unhide:no; border:solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoTableGrid" style="border: medium none ; border-collapse: collapse;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 231.05pt;" valign="top" width="308"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Rajah 2: Elliott's action research model</span> <span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 231.1pt;" valign="top" width="308"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:85%;" >Rajah 4: McKernan's action research model </span><span style="line-height: 115%;font-family:";font-size:12;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>
<br /><span style=";font-family:verdana;font-size:78%;" ></span>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-79908739387697039662009-05-09T09:11:00.000+08:002009-05-26T19:05:30.655+08:00Tugasan 1: Ulasan buku kajian tindakan<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSiti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSiti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSiti%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> 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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Hopkins, D. 2008. </span><i style="font-weight: bold;">A teacher’s guide to classroom research</i><span style="font-weight: bold;">. Ed. ke-4. Berkshire: Open University Press.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="font-weight: bold;">
<br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="font-weight: bold;">1. Konsep kajian tindakan</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Kajian tindakan menggabungkan satu tindakan yang mempunyai kepentingan dengan satu prosedur kajian. Ia merupakan tindakan bersifat individu dan berasaskan inkuiri yang bertujuan untuk melaksanakan proses penambahbaikan dan perubahan. Kajian tindakan yang paling mudah dilakukan oleh guru adalah kajian bilik darjah (<i style="">classroom research</i>), dan proses P&P adalah dasar kepada kajian bilik darjah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;" lang="EN-GB">2. <span style=""> </span>Mengapa guru perlu buat kajian tindakan</span><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Guru perlu membuat kajian tindakan untuk meningkatkan pengajarannya atau rakan setugas, untuk menguji teori pendidikan secara praktikal, atau untuk menilai dan melaksanakan prosedur sekolah. Dengan membuat kajian tindakan, guru akan lebih bertanggungjawab terhadap tindakan mereka dan mewujudkan persekitaran yang bersesuaian untuk proses P&P. Guru juga perlu membuat kajian tindakan untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru kerana melalui kajian untuk memperbaiki diri akan menjadikan guru lebih profesional dalam tindakan mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Bagaimanapun, terdapat 6 kriteria yang dicadangkan kepada guru yang akan membuat kajian tindakan:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Tugas utama guru adalah mengajar, oleh itu sebarang kajian tidak sepatutnya mengganggu pengajaran mereka. Dengan itu guru perlu menunjukkan pertimbangan sewajarnya dalam melaksanakan sebarang kajian di dalam bilik darjah.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" > </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Kaedah pengumpulan data tidak terlalu menuntut masa guru itu sehingga mencuri masa yang sepatutnya digunakan untuk persediaan dan sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">iii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Metodologi yang digunakan mesti berkeupayaan membolehkan guru membuat hipotesis dan membangunkan strategi yang boleh digunapakai di dalam bilik darjah.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">iv)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Guru mestilah komited terhadap fokus kajian yang telah dipilih memandangkanmereka akan menerima banyak tekanan dari segi masa, pihak pentadbiran dan sebagainya, untuk mengekalkan momentum seterusnya menamatkan kajian mereka.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">v)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Memberi perhatian kepada prosedur etika yang terlibat.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><span style="">vi)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="SV">Meluaskan kajian yang dilakukan di dalam bilik darjah ke seluruh sekolah untuk peningkatan pelajar dan juga staf sekolah.<o:p></o:p></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p>
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style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Kemmis’s action research spiral</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">– model ini dikatakan terlalu ringkas dan boleh menimbulkan tanggapan bahawa proses kajian tindakan adalah sesuatu yang mudah dan jelas.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Elliott’s action research model</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> – lebih mendalam berbanding model Kemmis serta menunjukkan proses yang terlibat adalah lebih sukar dan ‘reconnaissance’ (tinjauan awal untuk mendapat idea umum) perlu sentiasa 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<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">4.<span style=""> </span>Prosedur kajian tindakan</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Memilih fokus – fokus kajian tidak semestinya bermula dengan masalah, sebaliknya dengan idea tentang sesuatu yang boleh diperbaiki/ditambahbaik. Fokus kajian yang dipilih mestilah sesuatu yang boleh diubah/diperbaiki (<i style="">viable</i>), berskala kecil dengan isu yang terhad dan berkepentingan kepada guru atau murid, serta berkaitan secara langsung atau tidak dengan P&P dan matlamat sekolah. Pemilihan fokus boleh dilakukan dengan melihat jurang pelaksanaan (praktikal dan teori) atau melalui pengalaman guru.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Membina hipotesis – mendefinisikan dengan jelas dan tepat permasalahan yang ingin dikaji, iaitu fokus yang telah dipilih/ditetapkan. [Hipotesis yang dimaksudkan di dalam buku ini sebenarnya mempunyai maksud yang berbeza dengan hipotesis yang biasa diformulasikan di dalam kajian eksperimental. Ia lebih bertujuan menjelaskan fokus yang telah dipilih.]</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">c.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Mengumpul data</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">d.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Menganalisis data</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">e.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Melaporkan hasil kajian – segala data yang dikumpul dan dianalisis perlu didokumentasikan supaya ia boleh digunakan/direplikasi dalam situasi lain, dan tindakan yang diambil dipantau. Langkah-langkah melaporkan hasil kajian adalah:</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Menulis laporan – memilih format dan stail yang sesuai dengan sasaran pembaca; pendek tetapi padat (maklumat terperinci diletakkan di dalam lampiran). 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Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Menilai laporan kajian – untuk memastikan isi kandungan laporan itu jelas dan menjadikannya formatif, iaitu mampu membentuk pengetahuan.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style=""> </span>Menyebarkan hasil kajian – berkongsi hasil kajian dalam sekolah melalui mesyuarat staf, perbincangan tak formal dan sebagainya. Penyebaran lebih meluas boleh dilakukan melalui jaringan sekolah dan internet. </span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">5.<span style=""> </span>Pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">a.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Instrumen kajian dan teknik pengumpulan data</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" > </span>i.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Pemerhatian (<i style="">observation</i>) – melibatkan kolaborasi dengan rakan setugas di mana salah seorang akan memerhati dan menilai proses P&P rakannya. Terdapat dalam bentuk terbuka (pemerhati hanya mencatat isi penting), fokus (kedua-dua guru memilih satu topic/isu fokus), berstruktur (menggunakan sistem penyelarasan (<i style="">tally system</i>) atau diagram), sistematik (menggunakan skala pengkodan (<i style="">coding scales</i>) apabila terdapat beberapa tingkahlaku yang hemndak direkodkan) <span style=""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">ii.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Catatan lapangan (<i style="">field notes</i>) – merupakan catatan selepas setiap pelajaran, yang merangkumi refleksi kendiri, pemerhatian dan reaksi terhadap masalah di dalam bilik darjah.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">iii.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Rakaman audio (<i style="">audiotape recording</i>) – transkrip daripada rakaman audio berkesan jika guru inginkan rekod yang spesifik dan tepat. Walau bagaimanapun, mentranskrip rakaman mengambil masa yang lama.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">iv.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Diari/buku log murid – boleh memberikan pandangan berbeza daripada perspektif murid, tetapi murid perlu berasa yakin dan selamat untuk menulis secara bebas tentang guru dan sekolah.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">v.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Temubual – boleh dilakukan di antara guru-murid, pemerhati-murid, murid-murid dan guru-pemerhati.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">vi.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Rakaman video dan kamera digital – boleh memberikan gambaran yang tepat dan maklumbalas untuk menambahbaik kaedah pengajaran dan sebagainya.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">vii.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Soal-selidik – kaedah yang mudah dan cepat untuk mendapat maklumat daripada murid, tetapi pembentukan soalan perlu sesuai dengan tahap murid.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">viii.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Sosiometri – teknik menilai struktur emosi dan sikap murid dalam kumpulan bilik darjah.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">ix.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Bukti dokumentari (<i style="">documentary evidence</i>) – termasuk memo, surat, kertas peperiksaan, keratan akhbar dan sebagainya boleh memberikan maklumat latarbelakang isu yang dikaji. </span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">x.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Lukisan/lakaran murid – seperti buku log/diari murid, teknik ini memberikan maklumat tentang persepsi dan pengalaman murid dalam P&P.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">xi.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Pemetaan proses perubahan di sekolah (<i style="">mapping the process of change in school</i>) – melibatkan 2 peringkat iaitu individu (guru) dan institusi (sekolah). Kedua-dua peringkat ini menyumbang kepada pembangunan dan perubahan tingkahlaku murid.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">b.<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Teknik penganalisisan data</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Menganalisis data kualitatif sering menimbulkan masalah kerana belum ada kaedah yang jelas untuk mentafsir data tersebut. Apa yang perlu dilakukan ialah membina makna daripada data yang dikumpul dengan: </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- menyusun data mengikut jenis/kategori, daripada terperinci kepada umum (daripada <i style="">descriptive</i> kepada <i style="">explanatory</i>, daripada <i style="">concrete</i> kepada abstrak): (1) <i style="">noting patterns/themes</i>; (2) <i style="">seeing plausibility</i>; (3) <i style="">clustering</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- membuat integrasi antara data yang berbeza: (4) <i style="">making metaphors</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- melihat data yang telah dimiliki/dikumpul: (5) <i style="">counting</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- menambah kefahaman:(6) <i style="">making</i> <i style="">contrasts/comparisons</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- melihat perkaitan antara data secara abstrak: (7) <i style="">partitioning variables</i>; (8) <i style="">subsuming</i> (menggolongkan) <i style="">particulars into general</i>; (9) <i style="">factoring</i>; (10) <i style="">noting relations between variables</i>; (11) <i style="">finding intervening variables</i>;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- membuat pemahaman data secara sistematik dan <i style="">coherent</i>: <span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>(12) <i style="">building a logical chain of evidence</i>; dan (13) <i style="">making conceptual/theoretical coherence</i>. <span style=""> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">6.<span style=""> </span>Kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan kajian tindakan (<i style="">reliability & validity</i>)</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Kebolehpercayaan dan kesahan adalah dua perkara yang menentukan kualiti sesuatu kajian. Ia boleh dinilai melalui: </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- melihat data yang paling boleh dipercayai: (1) <i style="">checking for representatives</i>; (2) <i style="">checking for researcher effects on the case and vice versa</i>; (3) <i style="">triangulating across data sources and methods</i>; (4) <i style="">weighting the evidence</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- melihat corak data yang berbeza daripada normal: (5) <i style="">checking the meaning of outliers</i>; (6) <i style="">using extreme cases</i>; (7) <i style="">following up surprises</i>; (8) <i style="">looking for negative evidence</i>; </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- membandingkan teori kajian sendiri dengan teori penyelidik lain : (9) <i style="">making if-then tests</i>; (10) <i style="">ruling out spurious relations</i>; (11) <i style="">replicating findings</i>; (12) <i style="">checking out rival explanations</i>;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">- mendapat maklumbalas daripada subjek sendiri: (13) <i style="">getting feedbacks from informants.</i></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">
<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">7.<span style=""> </span>Etika kajian tindakan (<i style="">research ethics</i>)</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Terdapat 6 prinsip etika dalam menjalankan kajian:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">i)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:85%;" > </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Kajian direka dan dijalankan untuk mengekalkan integriti dan kualiti.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">ii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Staf dan subjek yang terlibat perlu dimaklumkan sepenuhnya berkenaan tujuan, kaedah kegunaan, penglibatan, risiko (jika ada) dan sebagainya.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">iii)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Menghormati kerahsiaan maklumat dan identity subjek.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">iv)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Penyertaan subjek adalah atas kesediaan sendiri dan tidak dipaksa.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">v)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Mengelakkan sebarang kemudaratan kepada subjek.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="">vi)<span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Kebebasan kajian perlu jelas, dan sebarang konflik kepentingan atau ssebagainya mesti diterangkan dengan jelas.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Garispanduan di atas adalah secara umum dan guru mempunyai kebebasan mentafsirnya mengikut keperluan kajian, tetapi masih berpegang kepada prinsip yang digariskan.</span></span><!--[endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style=""> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style=""> </span>
<br /></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">8.<span style=""> </span>Penilaian Keseluruhan terhadap buku ini</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Buku ini adalah sebuah buku yang sesuai dijadikan bahan rujukan dan patut dimiliki oleh guru-guru yang ingin menjalankan kajian tindakan. Ia memberikan panduan dan penerangan yang , menyeluruh dan terperinci, berserta contoh-contoh kajian yang telah dijalankan. Juga terdapat bab yang menyentuh pembangunan profesionalisme guru dan panduan P&P.
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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style=""><span style=";font-family:";font-size:7;" ></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span> <span style="" lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p> Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-74811744456154543472009-04-29T11:03:00.000+08:002009-05-12T22:18:28.040+08:00Aktiviti kumpulan 1: Refleksi selepas mengikuti kursus Kaedah Mengajar<span style="font-family: georgia;font-size:85%;" >1. Masalah yang dihadapi:<br />- kekurangan pengetahuan isi kandungan (content knowledge)<br />- lemah dalam kawalan kelas<br />- terlalu bergantung kepada ICT (Powerpoint dan sebagainya)<br /><br />2. Penambahbaikan/Strategi:<br />- tingkatkan pembacaan melalui pelbagai media<br />- pembelajaran sepanjang hayat<br />- mengambil inisiatif sendiri untuk menyertai kursus, seminar atau membuat bengkel perkongsian maklumat.<br />- memperbaiki kemahiran komunikasi<br />- menigkatkan keterampilan guru, memainkan perwatakan sebagai seorang guru yang berkeyakinan dan berilmu pengetahuan<br />- mempelbagaikan penggunaan BBM untuk menarik perhatian pelajar<br />- mengaplikasikan teori tingkah laku, teori pengurusan bilik darjah dan teori motivasi<br />- membuat persediaan awal yang lebih terancang<br /><br />3. Matlamat:<br />- menyediakan diri sebagai guru yang berilmu pengetahuan, berketerampilan, berpemikiran kreatif dan kritis<br /><br />4. Objektif:<br />- menambahkan pengetahuan dalam sesuatu topik khusus dalam bidang Biologi<br />- meningkatkan kemahiran pengawalan kelas yang berkesan<br />- menjana kreativiti untuk menjadikan aktiviti pengajaran lebih menarik<br /><br />5. Pengumpulan data<br />- membuat penilaian formatif terhadap pelajar (dari aspek isi kandungan pembelajaran) dari semasa ke semasa<br />- membuat soalan uji diri yang dapat diperolehi melalui buku-buku rujukan, internet dan sebagainya untuk mengetahui tahap pengetahuan dan penguasaan diri terhadap sesuatu isi kandungan pembelajaran<br />- membuat soal selidik penilaian guru dari perspektif pelajar<br /><br />6. Pemantauan:<br />- membuat refleksi diri dari semasa ke semasa<br />- membuat ‘checklist’ untuk memastikan setiap langkah penambahbaikan sentiasa dipraktikkan<br /><br />7. Penilaian<br />- mendapatkan maklumbalas daripada pelajar dan rakan sekerja tentang penambahbaikan yang dilaksanakan<br />- meninjau semula dan menilai perkara-perkara dalam ‘checklist’ penambahbaikan berdasarkan data yang diperolahi untuk mengenalpasti masalah atau pencapaian yang diperolehi.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Disediakan bersama:<br />Assarah Ahmad Suki<br />Wong Wan Heng</span>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-35395271256661192702009-04-29T09:28:00.000+08:002009-05-03T17:48:41.474+08:00Aktiviti Individu 1: Refleksi selepas program BIG II<span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Masalah dan </span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Penambahbaikan</span></span><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">:</span><br />Saya sering berasa kurang yakin untuk </span><span style="font-size:85%;"></span><span style="font-size:85%;">untuk menyuarakan pendapat </span><span style="font-size:85%;">di hadapan orang ramai </span><span style="font-size:85%;">atau untuk menjadi MC dalam sesuatu majlis. Antara sebabnya adalah saya merasakan kurang ilmu pengetahuan serta kurang persediaan.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Matlamat:</span><br />Menjadi individu yang berani dan yakin dengan apa yang disuarakan.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objektif:</span><br />1) Menambahkan ilmu pengetahuan dalam pelbagai bidang melalui pembacaan dan sebagainya.<br />2) Meningkatkan keyakinan diri untuk bercakap di khalayak ramai.<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pelan tindakan:</span><br />1) Langkah penambahbaikan - Saya akan meningkatkan dan mempelbagaikan bahan bacaan. Sebagai langkah pertama, saya telah meminta salinan contoh teks ucapan daripada seseorang yang berpengalaman menjadi MC/Pengerusi majlis.<br /><br />2) Pengumpulan data - Membuat refleksi berapa kali pernah bercakap di hadapan orang ramai<br />- Bertanya pendapat rakan dan persepsi mereka terhadap tahap keyakinan saya<br /><br />3) Pemantauan & </span><span style="font-size:85%;">Penilaian </span><span style="font-size:85%;">- Merekod berapa kali saya menawarkan diri untuk memberi pendapat atau bercakap di hadapan orang ramai<br />- Menilai tahap keyakinan diri sebelum, semasa dan selepas saya bercakap/memberi pendapat<br />- Menilai reaksi rakan, pensyarah dan orang ramai </span><span style="font-size:85%;">sebelum, semasa dan selepas saya bercakap/memberi pendapat</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span>Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-10487167946683632982009-04-25T23:44:00.000+08:002009-04-29T09:27:07.672+08:00Nota 2: Jenis-jenis kajian tindakan<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSITISA%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><title>Perkembangan Terkini Dalam Kajian Tindakan</title><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceType"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="PlaceName"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:author> </o:Author> <o:version>11.5606</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Secara umumnya, terdapat 4 jenis kajian tindakan:</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">(1) individu</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">(2) kolaboratif</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">(3) sekolah</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">(4) daerah
<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">
<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Creswell (2005) pula mengklasifikasikan kajian tindakan kepada 2 jenis, iaitu:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">(1) kajian </span><span style="">tindakan amalan (practical action research) <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- melibatkan peninjauan tentang amalan guru dalam konteks bilik darjah <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- dijalankan melalui dirinya sendiri atau melibatkan rakan sejawat yang mengajar mata pelajaran yang sama (team-based inquiry) dengan memberi fokus terhadap amalan guru dan pembelajaran pelajar<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- guru mesti melaksanakan satu pelan tindakan bagi mencapai matlamat beliau sebagai guru penyelidik (teacher researcher)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- model yang digunapakai adalah berdasarkan Kemmis & McTaggart (1988) yang mempunyai 4 elemen yang membentuk satu gelungan, iaitu: mereflek (refleksi terhadap isu P&P yang hendak ditangani), merancang (menyediakan pelan), melaksana (melaksanakan pelan), dan memerhati (memantau kemajuan tindakan yang dijalankan)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">
<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">(2) kajian tindakan penyertaan (participatory action research)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- melibatkan isu sosial yang menghindar perkembangan pelajar<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- guru perlu meninjau latar belakang sosial pelajar dan persekitaran sekolah dengan mengadakan kolaborasi dengan komuniti atau pihak berkepentingan bagi mencari sebab-musabab sesuatu masalah pelajar<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- apabila sebab diketahui, guru boleh melaksanakan program perubahan atau pembaikan<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- model yang digunapakai adalah daripada Stringer (1999) yang mempunyai 3 fasa bagi setiap gelungan, iaitu: penglihatan (mengumpul, merekod dan menganalisis<span style=""> </span>data untuk memahami isu), pemikiran (mentafsir isu dengan lebih mendalam), dan tindakan (menghasilkan penyelesaian)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">
<br /></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">Rujukan:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Soon Seng Thah. 2007. </span><span lang="SV">Perkembangan terkini dalam kajian tindakan. Kertas kerja Kursus Pemantapan Jurulatih Utama Kajian Tindakan anjuran Unit Penyelidikan Dasar, BPPP, KPM di Langkawi, Kedah pada 5-8 Februari 2007. http://www.arjpnj.com/ktindak/files/kertaskini.pdf [24 April 2009]<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Creswell, J.W. 2005.<i style=""> Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research</i>. Ed ke2. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Upper Saddle River</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">NJ</st1:state></st1:place>: Pearson Prentice Hall.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; color: rgb(51, 0, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span lang="EN-GB">Kemmis, S. & McTaggart, R. 1988. <i style="">The action research planner</i>. <st1:city st="on">Geelong</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">Victoria</st1:state>, <st1:country-region st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>: <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Deakin</st1:placename> <st1:placetype st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> Press.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style=";font-size:85%;color:black;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="color: rgb(51, 0, 153); font-family: trebuchet ms;">Stringer, E.T. 1999. <i>Action research</i>. Ed ke2. <st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Thousand Oaks</st1:city>, <st1:state st="on">CA</st1:state></st1:place>: Sage.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3990809847411461328.post-83248390252375264392009-04-25T23:41:00.000+08:002009-04-29T10:16:20.029+08:00Nota 1: Konsep kajian tindakan<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CSITISA%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><title>Perkembangan Terkini Dalam Kajian Tindakan</title><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:documentproperties> <o:author> </o:Author> <o:version>11.5606</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- Semua kajian/penyelidikan bertujuan untuk mencipta pengetahuan baru dan menghasilkan teori baru. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- Kajian tindakan bertujuan mencipta pengetahuan baru untuk memperbaiki prestasi kerja individu serta menghasilkan teori baru mengenai proses penambahbaikan tersebut. Kesahihan teori ini akan diuji berdasarkan kenyataan individu tersebut (melalui keterangan dan gambaran) bahawa satu proses penambahbaikan telah berlaku. Oleh yang demikian, kajian tindakan memerlukan komitmen peribadi dan akauntabiliti moral individu yang menjalankan kajian tersebut. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- Oleh kerana kajian tindakan merupakan penyelidikan tentang prestasi seseorang individu, ia tidak boleh digeneralisasikan dan juga direplikasi. Tetapi, ia masih boleh dijadikan sebagai rujukan oleh pihak lain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- Dalam bidang pendidikan, kajian tindakan adalah usaha yang boleh dilakukan oleh guru untuk memperbaiki amalan P&P untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik yang memberi faedah kepada dirinya, pelajar, sekolah dan masyarakat.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">- Kajian tindakan merupakan proses yang berterusan sehingga matlamat yang dikehendaki tercapai.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:85%;">- Data kajian tindakan adalah bersifat kualitatif. Walau bagaimanapun, data kuantitatif juga boleh digunakan.<span style="">
<br /></span></span></p><div> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:85%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">
<br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="" lang="SV">Rujukan:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; text-align: justify;font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">McNiff, J. 2009. Action research and reflective practice. </span><span style="" lang="SV">Kolokium Pascasiswazah FSSK UKM pada 5 Mac 2009 bertempat di Bilik Seminar Utama, FSSK, UKM.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">iBestari. 2009. Pendekatan kajian tindakan. http://pembestariansekolah.info/?p=11 [25 April 2009]</span></span></p>
<br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">Contoh:</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt; text-align: justify;font-family:georgia;"><span lang="SV" style="font-size:85%;"><span style="">Guru mendapati pelajar sukar memahami topik yang diajar kerana lupa topik lepas. Oleh itu guru menyuruh pelajar membuat peta minda bagi topik yang diajar dan dihantar selepas pengajaran topik akan datang. Selepas guru menyemak peta minda tersebut, guru akan memulangkan kepada pelajar untuk penambahbaikan. Dengan itu pelajar akan mempunyai peta minda bagi setiap topik dan akan digabungkan selepas tamat setiap bab.
<br /></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt;">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 12pt; text-indent: -12pt;">
<br /><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="SV"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Siti Sarah Udzirhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17345298469409497675noreply@blogger.com0